{"id":17237661,"date":"2025-03-19T08:12:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T07:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/felss.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=17237661"},"modified":"2025-04-01T16:49:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T14:49:05","slug":"electric-motors-in-electric-vehicles-an-overview","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/blog\/electric-motors-in-electric-vehicles-an-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric motors in electric vehicles: An overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Electric motors are at the heart of every electric vehicle (EV). They convert electrical energy from the battery into mechanical rotational energy that drives the wheels. The efficiency, performance and characteristics of an electric vehicle depend largely on the type of engine used. This article provides a detailed overview of the different types and technologies of electric motors used in EVs, including new and future developments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basic-operating-principles\">Basic operating principles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we get into each type of motor, it\u2019s important to understand the basic physical principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electromagnetism: An electric current generates a magnetic field. Conversely, a change in the magnetic field generates an electric current (induction).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lorentz force: A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force (Lorentz force) that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion and the magnetic field. This force is the fundamental principle that drives the rotation of an electric motor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"main-types-of-electric-motors-in-electric-vehicles\">Main types of electric motors in electric vehicles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are mainly two categories of electric motors that are used in electric vehicles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. DC motors (DC motors)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DC motors were the first widely used electric motors. They work with direct current and are based on the interaction between a magnetic field and a current-carrying conductor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Permanent magnet excited direct current (PMDC) motors:<br>These motors use permanent magnets to generate the magnetic field. They are simple in design, offer good starting torque and are cost-effective for smaller applications. However, they are less efficient than AC motors and are subject to wear and tear on the brushes and commutator, which requires regular maintenance. Nowadays, they are hardly used in the drive of electric vehicles, but rather in auxiliary units such as window regulators or fans.<br>\u2013 Advantages: Simple design, good starting torque, cost-effective.<br>\u2013 Cons: Low efficiency, brush wear, low lifespan compared to AC motors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Externally excited DC motors:<br>In these motors, the magnetic field is generated by a separate winding (field winding). This allows for better control of torque and speed, but also makes the engine more complex and less efficient. This type of design is also hardly used in modern e-vehicles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. AC motors (AC motors)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"740\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AC-Motor.webp\" alt=\"Darstellung eines AC-Motors\" class=\"wp-image-17237667\" title=\"AC Motor\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AC-Motor.webp 740w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/AC-Motor-480x480.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 740px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>AC motors have become the standard in modern electric vehicles due to their higher efficiency, lower maintenance requirements and better power density. There are two main types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Asynchronous motors (induction motors):<br>These motors are robust, cost-effective and require little maintenance because they do not have brushes or commutators. The magnetic field in the rotor is generated by induction, hence the name. However, they require a complex control system (frequency converter) and have a lower efficiency than synchronous motors. Tesla used asynchronous motors in its early models (e.g. Model S and Model X), but now mainly relies on synchronous motors.<br>\u2013 Advantages: Robust, cost-effective, low-maintenance.<br>\u2013 Disadvantages: Lower efficiency than synchronous motors, more complex control.<br>\u2013 Example: Early Tesla Model S and Model X (partially).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"synchronous-motors\">Synchronous motors:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Synchronous motors: These motors have a rotor that rotates synchronously with the rotating field of the stator. They offer higher efficiency and better power density than asynchronous motors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Structure: A synchronous motor consists of a stator (fixed part) with windings that create a rotating field and a rotor (rotating part) that contains either permanent magnets or an excitation winding. In permanent-magnet synchronous motors, strong magnets are installed in the rotor that generate a constant magnetic field. In externally excited synchronous motors, the magnetic field in the rotor is generated by an additional power supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operating principle: The rotating field of the stator attracts the rotor due to the magnetic attraction, causing it to rotate. Since the rotor runs synchronously with the rotating field of the stator (hence the name), the speed of the motor is directly coupled to the frequency of the stator current.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technical parameters:<br>\u2013 Advantages: High efficiency, high power density, precise speed control, good dynamic behavior. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are more compact and lighter because no additional excitation unit is required.<br>\u2013 Disadvantages: Higher costs due to the expensive permanent magnets (especially with rare earths), with permanent magnets there is a risk of demagnetization at high temperatures. Externally excited synchronous motors require an additional power supply for excitation.<br>\u2013 Use: Widely used in modern electric vehicles, often in combination with power electronics for precise control. Examples: many models from VW (MEB platform), Audi, \u0160koda, Porsche (e.g. Taycan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">There are different types of synchronous motors:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>These motors use permanent magnets in the rotor, which creates a strong and constant magnetic field. They are very efficient and offer high power density, making them the most widely used type in modern electric vehicles. However, the costs are higher due to the permanent magnets used (often with rare earths).<br>\u2013 Advantages: Very high efficiency, high power density, good torque behavior.<br>\u2013 Disadvantages: Higher costs due to permanent magnets, risk of demagnetization at high temperatures.<br>\u2013 Examples: Most modern electric vehicles, e.g. BMW i3, VW ID.3\/ID.4, Nissan Leaf (newer models).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Internal pole synchronous motors (IPM):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In these motors, the permanent magnets are located inside the rotor, which allows for better use of the magnetic flux and higher power density. They are also less susceptible to demagnetization.<br>\u2013 Advantages: High power density, good efficiency, wide speed range, lower risk of demagnetization.<br>\u2013 Disadvantages: More complex production of the rotor.<br>\u2013 Examples: Some high-performance electric vehicles, e.g. Porsche Taycan (on the rear axle), Audi e-tron GT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Externally excited synchronous motors (FSM\/FSS):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>These motors use a separate winding to generate the magnetic field in the rotor. They offer very good control of torque and speed, but are more complex and less efficient than PMSM. They are used in special applications, such as in some hybrid vehicles or in applications that require precise torque control.<br>\u2013 Advantages: Very good control of torque and speed, field weakening possible.<br>\u2013 Cons: More complex design, additional slip rings and brushes (maintenance), lower efficiency than PMSM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"asynchronous-motors\">Asynchronous motors:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Construction: Similar to the synchronous motor, the asynchronous motor consists of a stator with rotary field windings. However, the rotor is constructed differently: It consists of a so-called squirrel cage rotor, a cage made of aluminum or copper rods embedded in iron sheets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operating principle: The rotating field of the stator induces a voltage in the rotor, creating a current flow. This current generates its own magnetic field in the rotor, which follows the rotating field of the stator. Since the rotor \u201cruns behind\u201d the rotating field (asynchronously), its speed is always slightly lower than that of the rotating field. This difference is called slippage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technical parameters:<br>\u2013 Advantages: Robust, less expensive to manufacture, low maintenance (no sliding contacts or permanent magnets).<br>\u2013 Disadvantages: Lower efficiency compared to the synchronous motor, especially in the partial load range, less precise speed control, poorer dynamic behavior.<br>\u2013 Use: Used to be more common in electric vehicles, but are increasingly being replaced by synchronous motors. Tesla, for example, used asynchronous motors on the front axle and permanent-magnet synchronous motors on the rear axle in some older models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"927\" height=\"685\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Synchronmotor-vs-Asynchronmotor-EN.webp\" alt=\"Comparison of Synchronmotor and Asynchronmotor\" class=\"wp-image-17237682\" title=\"Synchronmotor vs Asynchronmotor EN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Synchronmotor-vs-Asynchronmotor-EN.webp 927w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Synchronmotor-vs-Asynchronmotor-EN-480x355.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 927px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Other technical characteristics that are relevant for both engine types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Power (kW): Indicates the mechanical power output of the motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Torque (Nm): Indicates the force that the motor applies to produce a rotary motion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Speed (rpm): Indicates the number of revolutions of the rotor per minute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Efficiency (%): Indicates the ratio of the power delivered to the electrical power consumed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The choice of the appropriate engine type depends on the specific requirements of the vehicle, such as cost, performance, efficiency and driving dynamics. However, permanent magnet synchronous motors tend to be used more and more frequently in modern electric cars, as they offer superior properties in many areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overview of engine types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/motor-types-overview.webp\" alt=\"table giving an overview of the motor types\" class=\"wp-image-17237686\" title=\"motor types overview\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/motor-types-overview.webp 666w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/motor-types-overview-480x577.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 666px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/e-Motoren-im-Fahrzeug.webp\" alt=\"e-Motoren sind \u00fcbererall im Fahrzeug - KI Generiert\" class=\"wp-image-17237646\" title=\"e-Motoren im Fahrzeug\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/e-Motoren-im-Fahrzeug.webp 740w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/e-Motoren-im-Fahrzeug-480x274.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 740px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Comparison Types of electric motors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1226\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/comparsion-of-electric-motors.webp\" alt=\"Vergleich der verschiedenen Arten von Elektromotoren\" class=\"wp-image-17237690\" title=\"comparsion of electric motors\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/comparsion-of-electric-motors.webp 1226w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/comparsion-of-electric-motors-980x330.webp 980w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/comparsion-of-electric-motors-480x162.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1226px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"axialfluxmotor\">Axialfluxmotor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An axial flux motor, also known as an axial gap motor or pancake motor, is a design of an electric motor in which the gap between the rotor and stator \u2013 and thus the direction of the magnetic flux between the two \u2013 is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. This distinguishes it from conventional radial flow motors, in which the flow runs radially to the axis of rotation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Detailed Description:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Geometry: In contrast to radial flux motors, in which the rotor and stator are arranged concentrically cylindrically, axial flux motors have a disc-like shape. The rotor and stator are flat and opposite each other, creating an axial air gap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Magnetic flux: The magnetic flux runs axially, i.e. parallel to the axis of rotation. This leads to a more efficient use of the magnetic field and allows for a more compact design.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Torque: The torque of an axial flux motor increases with the third power of the rotor diameter, while in a radial flux motor it only increases with the second power. This means that axial flux motors can produce higher torque for the same volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Designs: There are different types of axial flux motors, including motors with permanent magnets and motors with electromagnetic windings. In some designs, the windings are applied to a printed circuit, which simplifies production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Materials: Various materials are used to manufacture axial flux motors, including electrical sheets, soft magnetic composites (SMC), and permanent magnets. The choice of materials depends on the specific requirements of the engine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Advantages of axial flux motors:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Power Density: Axial flux motors offer high power density, which means they can produce high power with low weight and volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compact design: Due to the flat design, axial flux motors are very compact and space-saving.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High Torque: Axial flux motors can produce high torque at low speeds, which is beneficial for applications such as electric vehicles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Good cooling options: Due to the large surface area in relation to the volume, axial flux motors offer good cooling options.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disadvantages of axial flux motors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>More complex manufacturing: Axial flux motors can be more challenging to manufacture than radial flux motors due to the complex geometry and precise alignment of the rotor and stator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Higher cost: Due to the more complex manufacturing and use of special materials, axial flux motors can be more expensive than radial flux motors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use in electric vehicles:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Axial flux motors are increasingly used in electric vehicles because they offer a<br>number of advantages that are relevant to this application:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High power density and compact design: These characteristics make it possible to implement powerful yet space-saving drive systems for electric vehicles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High torque at low revs: This is especially important for electric vehicles, as it allows for fast acceleration and good driving performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Efficiency: Axial flux motors can achieve high efficiency, which contributes to a longer range of electric vehicles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Well-known examples of the use of axial flux motors in electric vehicles are the motors from the manufacturer YASA, which are used in some Mercedes-Benz models. Other automotive manufacturers and suppliers are also researching and developing axial flux motors for use in future electric vehicles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reluctanz-motors\">Reluctanz motors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A reluctance motor is an electric motor whose drive is based on the tendency of a magnetic flux to close over the path with the least magnetic resistance (reluctance). The rotor is made of a ferromagnetic material and has no windings or permanent magnets. Instead, the magnetic flux is generated by the stator windings, which create a rotating magnetic field. The rotor aligns itself according to the flow lines of the magnetic field, which creates the rotational motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two most common types of reluctance motors are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Switching Reluctance Motor (SRM)<\/strong>: The rotor has pronounced poles, and the motor is synchronized by switching the stator windings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Synchronous reluctance motor<\/strong>: The rotor is smooth or slightly pronounced, and the motor runs synchronously with the rotating magnetic field.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Differences to other types of engines<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Compared to asynchronous motors<\/strong>: Reluctance motors do not have a squirrel cage or current flow in the rotor, which eliminates losses in the rotor. They are often simpler in design and do not require electricity for rotor operation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Compared to permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM)<\/strong>: In contrast to PMSM, reluctance motors do not require expensive rare earths such as neodymium or dysprosium, as no permanent magnets are used in the rotor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cost-effectiveness:\u00a0<\/strong>The simple design and the absence of expensive materials make reluctance motors cheaper to manufacture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Robustness:\u00a0<\/strong>The rotor is robust because it does not contain windings or magnets, which makes the motor less susceptible to mechanical damage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Efficiency:\u00a0<\/strong>High energy efficiency is achieved especially with synchronous reluctance motors, especially in partial load operation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temperature resistance:\u00a0<\/strong>Since no magnets are used, reluctance motors do not lose their performance at high temperatures.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disadvantages:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Complex control:\u00a0<\/strong>The control of the stator windings requires complex electronics and precise algorithms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acoustic noise:\u00a0<\/strong>Switching reluctance motors can be noisy under certain operating conditions because the rotary motion is generated by abrupt changes in the magnetic field.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Torque wave:\u00a0<\/strong>The torque generated is not as uniform as other types of motors, which can result in less smooth movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use in electric vehicles:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Reluctance motors are increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs), especially as&nbsp;<strong>synchronized variants (synchronous reluctance motors)<\/strong>. Their main advantage lies in the combination of high efficiency and low material costs. Manufacturers such as Tesla use reluctance motors in a hybrid form (permanent magnets with reluctance content) in their vehicles, such as in the Tesla Model 3 and Model Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example is the&nbsp;<strong>Hyundai Kona Electric<\/strong>, which relies on reluctance motor technology. This approach enables a high reach at low costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why are reluctance motors used?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sustainability:&nbsp;<\/strong>The renunciation of rare earths reduces dependence on raw materials that are difficult to mine.<strong><br>Cost optimization:&nbsp;<\/strong>Reluctance motors enable lower-cost vehicles, especially in segments with high cost pressure.<strong><br>Robustness and durability:&nbsp;<\/strong>Especially in vehicles intended for the mass market, reluctance motors score points for their durability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The future of reluctance motors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With advances in control electronics and improved designs, reluctance motors could be used even more frequently in electric vehicles in the future. They represent a promising alternative to motors with high dependencies on rare earths and could make electromobility more sustainable and affordable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"new-and-future-technologies\">New and future technologies:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of electric motors for electric vehicles is progressing rapidly. Some promising technologies include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hairpin winding: This technology allows for denser winding of the stator coils, resulting in higher power density and better efficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oil cooling: Cooling the engine with oil allows for higher power output and better heat dissipation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrated drive units: The integration of the motor, transmission and power electronics in one unit reduces weight, installation space and costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) power electronics: The use of SiC and GaN semiconductors in power electronics enables higher switching frequencies, lower losses, and higher efficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Axial flux motors: In these motors, the magnetic flux is axial to the axis of rotation, unlike radial flux motors, where the flux is radial. Axial flux motors promise higher power density and a more compact design.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reluctance motors: These motors use the different magnetic conductivity of the rotor and stator to generate torque. They are robust and cost-effective, but their efficiency is often lower than that of synchronous motors. However, advances in control technology could increase their attractiveness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"market-development-of-electric-motors\">Market development of electric motors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The choice of the appropriate motor type depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as performance, cost, efficiency, maintenance, and environmental conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Verteilung-der-Typen-von-E-Motoren-in-e-Fahrrzeugen.webp\" alt=\"Darstellung der Verteilung der Typen von E-Motoren in e-Fahrrzeugen\" class=\"wp-image-17237652\" title=\"Verteilung der Typen von E-Motoren in e-Fahrrzeugen\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Verteilung-der-Typen-von-E-Motoren-in-e-Fahrrzeugen.webp 740w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Verteilung-der-Typen-von-E-Motoren-in-e-Fahrrzeugen-480x289.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 740px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Synchronous motors (moderate increase)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: Synchronous motors offer high efficiency, good performance and precise control. They are popular in many electric vehicles, especially in higher-end models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Influencing factors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Improved production processes reduce costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advances in power electronics make it an attractive choice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their market share is increasing, but at a slower pace than permanent magnet synchronous motors because they are more efficient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Asynchronous motors (slow increase)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: Asynchronous motors are robust, cost-effective and well suited<br>for heavy commercial vehicles and industrial applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Influencing factors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Higher material costs due to rising copper prices are slowing down their use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are less efficient than other alternatives, which limits their appeal in a market focused on energy efficiency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) (Strong Increase)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: PMSMs offer the highest efficiency and compact design. They are ideal for vehicles that need maximum range and performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Influencing factors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The demand for more efficient vehicles and longer ranges is driving this trend.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improvements in rare earths and alternatives to magnetic materials reduce costs and dependency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These engines are increasingly becoming the standard for new electric vehicles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other engines (moderate increase)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: \u201cOther\u201d includes technologies such as stepper motors or innovative designs such as reluctance motors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Influencing factors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Innovations and niche applications are driving growth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reluctance motors are becoming increasingly popular because they do<br>not require rare earths and can save costs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General trends:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Regulations<\/strong>: Strict CO2 emission regulations and sustainability goals are driving the electrification of the transport sector, driving demand for all types of engines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technological advances<\/strong>: Advances in batteries and power electronics enable the development of more efficient and versatile motors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cost reduction:\u00a0<\/strong>economies of scale and mass production reduce manufacturing costs, which promotes distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The trends reflect the dynamic competition between efficiency, cost and availability as the automotive industry heads towards a fully electrified future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary-and-outlook\">Summary and outlook<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of electric motors for electric vehicles focuses on increasing efficiency, power density and torque while reducing cost and weight. PMSM and IPM motors currently dominate the market, while new technologies such as axial flux motors and improved power electronics have the potential to significantly influence future development. The choice of the appropriate type of engine depends on the specific requirements of the vehicle, such as power, range, cost and application. Ongoing research and development in this area continues to promise significant progress in electromobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Click here for the original article:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/haggenmuellerfreel.wixsite.com\/mobilityandmore-eng\/post\/electric-motors-in-electric-vehicles-an-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mobility &amp; More<\/a>, the blog focusing on mobility, technology and sustainability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":17237666,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"dd56c4c3-7e79-43f5-8526-7fc89fd40dfb\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"09f856d0-703e-46f4-b3e4-62ff355b28fc\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"6738599a-37c4-41a8-bd70-0f4b4301b11d\" background_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.42)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 1 Datum\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" _module_preset=\"d1e959dd-a3b5-4ac9-8781-090752347da8\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 1 Breadcrumb\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"d1e959dd-a3b5-4ac9-8781-090752347da8\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>[rank_math_breadcrumb]<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 1 Title\" _builder_version=\"4.25.1\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" _module_preset=\"941e5544-1b65-4b93-9f1e-3b6d2d69a285\" header_font=\"|700|||||||\" header_line_height=\"1.2em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMT4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDE+In19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 1 Text\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"73ae4531-c19b-41fa-a2c9-831c60d6a2ee\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>Electromobility is experiencing an unprecedented upswing. Governments around the world are promoting the transition to sustainable powertrains, and car manufacturers are investing billions in new technologies. While the public is increasingly convinced that the future will be electric, the question is whether the masses really understand the differences between the different types of electric powertrains. After all, not all electrification is the same \u2013 the range of technologies is enormous and offers solutions for a wide variety of requirements. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the different electric actuators, how they work, advantages and disadvantages, and their potential applications.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"cc3fec9f-f666-451f-a534-65cd43d44baa\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9mZWF0dXJlZF9pbWFnZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7fX0=@\" title_text=\"inhalte-hero\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 1 Spalte 2 Bild\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _dynamic_attributes=\"src\" _module_preset=\"default\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"d93261f6-1421-45fa-90d9-ca8999d031e6\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"4cebcdf7-86a8-4de3-bb5d-20558888d339\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Marktanteile-der-Antriebsarten-2020-2035.webp\" alt=\"Marktanteile der Antriebsarten 2020-2035\" title_text=\"Marktanteile der Antriebsarten 2020-2035\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spaltae 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"d20b48e0-3f3a-4e31-b151-77eecbdc6215\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Wolfgang A. Haggenmueller\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Autor \" _builder_version=\"4.27.3\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" _module_preset=\"e4692779-2a9a-4998-9fd6-c1be4097f2fb\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9hdXRob3JfYmlvIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_divider show_divider=\"off\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Teiler 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Datum Label\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"d1e959dd-a3b5-4ac9-8781-090752347da8\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>Ver\u00f6ffentlicht<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Datum \" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" _module_preset=\"d1e959dd-a3b5-4ac9-8781-090752347da8\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Teiler 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"d1e959dd-a3b5-4ac9-8781-090752347da8\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>[joli-toc]<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 Teiler 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"1e7f6b3d-0ad7-4dba-82d1-d7146ef2732e\" saved_tabs=\"all\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_button button_url=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjE2ODAzIn19@\" button_text=\"Contact experts\" admin_label=\"BS M1: Hero Zeile 2 Spalte 2 CTA\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _dynamic_attributes=\"button_url\" _module_preset=\"9883095c-580b-4add-8ebb-1dc78cfa7947\" saved_tabs=\"all\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M2: Text volle Breite mit Streifen\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"a1a59f63-d459-4177-b944-01e94e9d711d\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M2: Text volle Breite mit Streifen\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M2: Text volle Breite mit Streifen\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" width=\"70%\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Hybrid drives: The entry into electrification<\/h2><p>Hybrid drives combine a combustion engine with an electric motor, which is primarily used to support the combustion engine when starting off and accelerating. The battery is charged while driving through brake energy recovery. Vehicles such as the <strong>Toyota Prius<\/strong> or the <strong>Honda Insight<\/strong> are considered pioneers of this technology. Hybrid cars offer significant fuel savings and reduced CO\u2082 emissions. However, their purely electric range is very limited, and they are often heavier than pure combustion engines. They are ideal especially for city traffic and short distances, where frequent stop-and-go occurs.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"cfb4bf65-e464-4807-b67e-63c6c9d39f3d\" width=\"100%\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"eb2578fe-143e-4abe-ba3a-4757da9468d8\" pac_drh_enable_stacking=\"pac_drh_stack_row pac_drh_stack_tab_mob\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"09f3bd85-5c10-4cdd-af1d-55c0ade4f030\" pac_drh_add_staking_order_tab=\"pac_drh_order_tab_two\" pac_drh_add_staking_order_mob=\"pac_drh_order_mob_two\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Mild hybrids: electrification on a small scale<\/h2><p>Mild hybrid systems are a simplified form of hybrid drives. Here, a small electric<br \/>motor takes over supporting functions, such as starting the combustion engine or<br \/>assisting with acceleration. However, purely electric operation is not possible. The <strong>Audi A6<\/strong> and the <strong>Mercedes-Benz C-Class<\/strong> are examples of vehicles with mild hybrid technology. These systems offer an improvement in efficiency at comparatively low additional costs, but are not suitable for emission-free driving.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Plug-in hybrids: The bridge between combustion engine and electric<\/h2><p>Plug-in hybrids, such as the <strong>BMW 330e <\/strong>or the <strong>Volvo XC60 Recharge<\/strong>, combine a combustion engine and electric motor with the possibility of charging the battery via the power grid. They offer an electric range of 30 to 60 kilometers, making them ideal for city traffic. However, they require charging infrastructure and disciplined use to take full advantage of their benefits. High costs and the additional weight of both drives are further challenges.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>E-axles: Compact efficiency<\/h2><p>The e-axle integrates the electric motor, transmission and power electronics in a<br \/>compact unit. This technology is often used in SUVs and electric vehicles such as the <strong>Audi e-tron<\/strong> or the <strong>Mercedes EQC<\/strong>. It offers space-saving, high power density and flexibility in vehicle design. Nevertheless, the complex design requires higher development investments.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/E-Mobilitaet-Motor.webp\" alt=\"Darstellung eines E-Motors\" title_text=\"E-Mobilit\u00e4t Motor\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"59%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Serial hybrids: The combustion engine as a power generator<\/h2><p>In serial hybrids, such as those found in the <strong>Chevrolet Volt<\/strong>, the combustion engine does not drive the wheels directly, but generates energy for the electric motor. This enables optimal efficiency of the combustion engine while driving remains purely electric. However, there are energy losses due to the conversion,<br \/>which can reduce efficiency compared to other systems.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Parallel hybrids: The power of two engines<\/h2><p>Parallel hybrids work with a combustion engine and an electric motor, both of which can drive the wheels directly. This allows for flexible power delivery and better acceleration. Examples of vehicles with parallel hybrid drive are the <strong>Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid<\/strong> and the <strong>Kia Niro Hybrid<\/strong>. This technology is ideal for dynamic driving situations, but technically more demanding and heavier.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Range extenders: More flexibility for electric vehicles<\/h2><p>A range extender is a small combustion engine that is used in vehicles such as the <strong>BMW i3 REx<\/strong> to charge the battery and increase the range. This solution minimizes range anxiety while still enabling largely electric driving. However, the extra weight is a disadvantage, and locally emission-free driving is not possible when the combustion engine is activated.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Fuel cell vehicles: Hydrogen as the key<\/h2><p>Fuel cell vehicles such as the <strong>Toyota Mirai<\/strong> or the <strong>Hyundai Nexo<\/strong> generate electrical energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. These vehicles are emission - free and offer a long range and short refuelling times. However, the expensive hydrogen infrastructure and the limited availability of filling sta tions still pose significant hurdles.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Wheel hub motors: drive directly on the wheel<\/h2><p>Wheel hub motors, such as those used in concept vehicles such as the <strong>Riversimple Rasa<\/strong>, integrate electric motors directly into the wheels. This saves space and maximizes efficiency. However, the unsprung mass increases the demands on the chassis, and the control is more complex.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>E-Traction and E-Transmission: The Future of Drive Architecture<\/h2><p>E-transmissions optimize the performance of electric motors and offer variable power delivery. Vehicles such as the <strong>Porsche Taycan <\/strong>benefit from this technology, which is mainly used in high-performance and commercial vehicles. Despite the efficiency gains, the costs and development effort are high.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"53942672-a164-4cb5-87e4-83f5d22c06a8\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"a07a1fbf-14dc-4ed8-a5a6-3f408524e831\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"309a55e9-7421-49f4-ac40-b945a0f5cb8d\" custom_padding=\"||27px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Comparison Table of Drive Types<\/h2><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Comparison-Table-of-Drive-Types.webp\" alt=\"Comparison Table of Drive Types\" title_text=\"Comparison Table of Drive Types\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"cfb4bf65-e464-4807-b67e-63c6c9d39f3d\" width=\"100%\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"eb2578fe-143e-4abe-ba3a-4757da9468d8\" pac_drh_enable_stacking=\"pac_drh_stack_row pac_drh_stack_tab_mob\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"09f3bd85-5c10-4cdd-af1d-55c0ade4f030\" pac_drh_add_staking_order_tab=\"pac_drh_order_tab_two\" pac_drh_add_staking_order_mob=\"pac_drh_order_mob_two\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Pure electric vehicles: architectures, drive concepts and their significance for the future<\/h2><p>Electromobility is considered the key technology for a sustainable transport transition. Pure electric vehicles, also known as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), are at the heart of this development. In contrast to hybrid drives, they completely dispense with a combustion engine and rely exclusively on electrical energy as the driving force. These vehicles symbolize an emission-free future and offer innovative technical solutions that are revolutionizing not only the automotive industry, but also the way people experience mobility. The diversity of architectures, drive concepts and battery technologies shows how different the requirements and possible applications for electric vehicles can be. From compact city runabouts to high-performance long-distance models, each concept has its own approach to making mobility more efficient and sustainable. Their diversity ranges from different battery sizes and drive concepts to innovative vehicle architectures that have been specially developed for electric operation. In the following, the different variants and architectures of pure electric vehicles are presented in detail.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Electric Vehicle Architectures<\/h2><p>The architecture of an electric vehicle is fundamentally different from that of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. The elimination of classic drive components such as the engine compartment, transmission or exhaust systems gives designers and engineers more freedom in the development of new vehicle concepts.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Architektur-von-E-Fahrzeugen.webp\" alt=\"Expemplarische Darstellung der Architektur von E-Fahrzeugen\" title_text=\"Architektur von E-Fahrzeugen\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"59%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Skateboard architecture<\/h3><p>One of the most famous architectures is the so-called skateboard architecture. In this approach, the battery is integrated flat into the vehicle floor, while the electric motors are positioned directly on the axles or in the wheels. This architecture, used by manufacturers such as Tesla in models such as the Model 3 or Rivian in their R1T pick-up model, offers numerous advantages. The low-lying battery ensures a low centre of gravity, which improves driving dynamics, and enables opti mum use of interior space. In addition, this design offers a high degree of modularity, so it can be adapted for different vehicle types and sizes. However, the technical requirements, especially the cooling of the battery and its integration into the vehicle structure, are a challenge that requires high investments.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Platform integration<\/h3><p>Another approach to the development of electric vehicles is platform integration, such as that pursued by Volkswagen with the Modular Electric Drive Matrix (MEB). Vehicles such as the Volkswagen ID.4 are based on this platform, which allows for standardized positioning of batteries and motors. This concept aims to reduce development costs by leveraging economies of scale. At the same time, the platform remains flexible enough to build different vehicle models on it. However, the downside of this approach is the limited design freedom compared to architectures that are developed specifically for a single model.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Space frame constructions<\/h3><p>Another innovative concept is the space frame construction, which uses lightweight materials such as aluminum or carbon to compensate for the additional weight of the battery. Vehicles such as the BMW i3 use this design, which leads to higher energy efficiency due to lower weight. However, the production costs for such materials and manufacturing processes are significantly higher, which has so far limited their use to premium vehicles.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"53942672-a164-4cb5-87e4-83f5d22c06a8\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"a07a1fbf-14dc-4ed8-a5a6-3f408524e831\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Different drive concepts<\/h2><p>The choice of drive concept plays a decisive role in the performance and efficiency of an electric vehicle.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Single motor with front-wheel drive<\/h3><p>Compact models such as the Nissan Leaf or the Renault Zoe often use a single electric motor with front-wheel drive. This concept is simple and inexpensive, but offers limited traction and a less sporty ride. <strong>Single motor with rear-wheel drive<\/strong> In contrast, vehicles such as the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range rely on rear-wheel drive, which allows for better weight distribution and a more dynamic driving experience by positioning the engine on the rear axle.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Dual motor with all-wheel drive<\/h3><p>For even higher performance, many premium vehicles use a dual motor with all-wheel drive. Models such as the Audi e-tron or the Jaguar I-PACE use this concept, in which each engine drives an axle. This allows precise control of the power transmission to each wheel, which is particularly advantageous in demanding road conditions or sporty riding. However, the additional technology and control systems increase production costs.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Wheel hub motors<\/h3><p>as tested in some concept vehicles, drive the wheels directly and eliminate mechanical losses from transmissions and axles. Vehicles like the <strong>Lightyear 0<\/strong><br \/>use this technology. Wheel hub drives have the advantage of being very efficient and space-saving. However, there is the problem of unsprung masses and a much more sophisticated control.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"cfb4bf65-e464-4807-b67e-63c6c9d39f3d\" width=\"100%\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"eb2578fe-143e-4abe-ba3a-4757da9468d8\" pac_drh_enable_stacking=\"pac_drh_stack_row pac_drh_stack_tab_mob\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M5: Text Volle Breite\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"09f3bd85-5c10-4cdd-af1d-55c0ade4f030\" pac_drh_add_staking_order_tab=\"pac_drh_order_tab_two\" pac_drh_add_staking_order_mob=\"pac_drh_order_mob_two\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Battery technologies and ranges<\/h2><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Batterietechnologien-und-Reichweiten.webp\" alt=\"Batterietechnologien und Reichweiten\" title_text=\"Batterietechnologien und Reichweiten\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"59%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>In addition to drive technology, the battery is the central element of an electric vehicle. The battery is the heart of every electric vehicle. Their capacity, chemical composition and management system determine range and charging speed.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Lithium-ion batteries<\/h3><p>Most current models use lithium-ion batteries, which are characterized by high energy density and a long service life. Vehicles such as the Hyundai Kona Electric or the Kia EV6 successfully use this technology. However, one disadvantage of these batteries is the limited availability of raw materials such as lithium and cobalt, as well as the challenges of recycling<\/p><h3>Trend:<\/h3><p>Lithium-ion batteries are currently the dominant technology with the largest market share. It will remain dominant until 2030, but the share could slowly decline as other technologies gain traction. Continuous improvements in energy density, service life a nd safety are expected. 2030 - 2050: Probably still a significant share, but no longer the dominant technology. Specialized applications could continue to relyon Li-Ion.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Solid-state batteries<\/h3><p>A promising alternative is solid-state batteries, which are currently under development. These batteries promise even higher energy density, shorter charging times and improved safety. Manufacturers such as Toyota are working on the introduction of this technology, but it is still associated with high production costs.<\/p><h3>Trend:<\/h3><p>Currently mainly in the R&D stage, very low market share. By 2030: Expected market entry and slow growth. Challenges in mass production and cost reduction must be overcome. 2030 - 2050: Significant growth and potentially significant market share if the techn ological and economic hurdles are overcome. Could play an important role in premium electric vehicles and other demanding applications.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries<\/h3><p>Another variant is lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, which are mainly used in low-cost electric vehicles such as the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus. They offer high thermal stability and a long service life, but have a lower energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h3>Other technologies (e.g. lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion)<\/h3><p>These technologies are still in an early stage of development, but have potentially high energy densities and\/or advantages in terms of raw material availability. It is difficult to predict when and to what extent they will affect the market.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Battery-Typs-Market-share-2020-2050.webp\" alt=\"Battery Typs Market share 2020 - 2050\" title_text=\"Battery Typs Market share 2020 - 2050\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"c308f901-e48e-4c74-913d-f1ff8d9adf5b\" custom_margin_tablet=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"1rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>Pure electric vehicles such as the Tesla Model S Plaid, the Volkswagen ID.3 or the Porsche Taycan show how different the approaches and target groups in this segment can be. While Tesla is focusing on maximum performance and range with the Model S, Volkswagen is focusing on affordability and the mass market with the ID.3. The Porsche Taycan, on the other hand, combines electric mobility with sporty dynamics and luxury.<\/p><p>The diversity of architectures and drive concepts makes it clear that electric vehicles are more than just a replacement for combustion vehicles. They open up new possibilities in vehicle design and create a sustainable basis for the mobility of the future. With the advancement of battery technologies and the increasing availability of charging infrastructures, the transition to electric mobility is becoming increasingly attractive and accessible. Pure electric vehicles are a decisive step on the way to an emission-free transport system that will change mobility in the long term<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"53942672-a164-4cb5-87e4-83f5d22c06a8\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"a07a1fbf-14dc-4ed8-a5a6-3f408524e831\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"309a55e9-7421-49f4-ac40-b945a0f5cb8d\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Conclusion and outlook<\/h2><p>The electrification of the automotive sector is revolutionizing mobility, but it is also creating a complex technological fabric. From hybrids to fuel cells to all-electric vehicles, each type of drive offers specific advantages and disadvantages. While plug-in hybrids are currently a bridging technology, fuel cells and new concepts suchas wheel hub motors and e-axles could dominate the mobility of the future. In the long term, a mixture of different technologies can be expected, which will be used depending on the application. One thing is clear: electric drives will not only change vehicles, but also our understanding of mobility and its impact on the environment.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"53942672-a164-4cb5-87e4-83f5d22c06a8\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"a07a1fbf-14dc-4ed8-a5a6-3f408524e831\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"BS M6: Fazit\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"309a55e9-7421-49f4-ac40-b945a0f5cb8d\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><strong>Author of the article:<\/strong> Wolfgang A. Haggenm\u00fcller<br \/><strong>Click here for the original article:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/haggenmuellerfreel.wixsite.com\/mobilityandmore-eng\/post\/electric-drives-for-automobiles-the-variety-of-possibilities\">Mobility & More<\/a>, the blog focusing on mobility, technology and sustainability.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.27.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_image=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Vertriebsmodul.webp\" custom_padding=\"5rem||2rem||false|false\" da_disable_devices=\"off|off|off\" border_width_top=\"7px\" border_color_top=\"#FFEA00\" border_color_right=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" border_width_bottom=\"7px\" border_color_bottom=\"#FFEA00\" box_shadow_style=\"preset2\" saved_tabs=\"all\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" da_is_popup=\"off\" da_exit_intent=\"off\" da_has_close=\"on\" da_alt_close=\"off\" da_dark_close=\"off\" da_not_modal=\"on\" da_is_singular=\"off\" da_with_loader=\"off\" da_has_shadow=\"on\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"2\" make_equal=\"on\" admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" width_tablet=\"90%\" width_phone=\"90%\" width_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter Image\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/felss-aximus-h02-freigestellt-ohne-schatten.webp\" title_text=\"felss-aximus-h02-freigestellt-ohne-schatten\" admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter Image\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-4.5rem|2rem|||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter Text + CTA\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter Text\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"d1e959dd-a3b5-4ac9-8781-090752347da8\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" background_enable_color=\"off\" background_layout=\"dark\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||4rem||false|true\" header_2_font_size_tablet=\"\" header_2_font_size_phone=\"\" header_2_font_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\" header_2_line_height_tablet=\"1.2em\" header_2_line_height_phone=\"1.3em\" header_2_line_height_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h2>Kommen Sie bereits <span style=\"font-family: 'Open Sans ExtraBold Italic'; color: #ffea00;\">in der Entwicklungsphase<\/span> Ihrer Projekte zu uns<\/h2><p>Wir unterst\u00fctzen Sie entlang des gesamten Prozesses \u2013 von der Zeichnung bis zum fertigen Bauteil und dar\u00fcber hinaus.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][dipi_button_grid flex_direction=\"row\" justify_content=\"flex-start\" admin_label=\"AS M8: Prefooter CTA\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_margin=\"-3.5rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"-3rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"-3rem||||false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][dipi_button_grid_child button_id=\"Prefooter: CTA primary button\" button_text=\"Kontaktieren Sie uns\" button_link=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjE2ODAzIn19@\" module_class=\"hw-button-primary\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _dynamic_attributes=\"button_link\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_style_text_color=\"#000000\" text_style_font_size=\"16px\" background_color=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" background_enable_color=\"on\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_color=\"#FFEA00\" button_bg_color=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" button_border_width=\"0px\" button_border_color=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" button_font=\"||||||||\" button_icon=\"\uf061||fa||900\" button_icon_color=\"#000000\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" button_text_size_tablet=\"16px\" button_text_size_phone=\"14px\" button_text_size_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_free_form=\"selector{|| font-size: var(--font-size-sm);||}||\" border_width_all=\"0px\" border_color_all=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" box_shadow_style_button=\"preset1\" box_shadow_vertical_button=\"8px\" box_shadow_blur_button=\"15px\" box_shadow_color_button=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.1)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_text_color__hover_enabled=\"on|desktop\" button_text_color__hover=\"#000000\"][\/dipi_button_grid_child][dipi_button_grid_child button_id=\"Prefooter: CTA secondary button\" button_text=\"+49 7232 402-0\" button_link=\"tel:+4972324020\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_style_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_style_font_size=\"16px\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" button_border_width=\"0px\" button_font=\"||||||||\" button_icon=\"\ue090||divi||400\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_margin_tablet=\"0.5rem||0.5rem||true|true\" custom_margin_phone=\"0.5rem|0px|0.2rem|0px|false|true\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" button_text_size_tablet=\"14px\" button_text_size_phone=\"14px\" button_text_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_css_free_form=\"selector{|| font-size: var(--font-size-sm);||}||selector .dipi-button-wrap:before{|| font-size: var(--font-size-lg) !important;||}\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"on|hover\" button_bg_color__hover=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" button_bg_enable_color__hover=\"on\"][\/dipi_button_grid_child][dipi_button_grid_child button_id=\"Prefooter: CTA secondary button\" button_text=\"info@felss.com\" button_link=\"mailto:info@felss.com\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_style_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_style_font_size=\"16px\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" button_border_width=\"0px\" button_font=\"||||||||\" button_icon=\"\ue076||divi||400\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" button_text_size_tablet=\"16px\" button_text_size_phone=\"14px\" button_text_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_css_free_form=\"selector{|| font-size: var(--font-size-sm);||}||selector .dipi-button-wrap:before{|| font-size: var(--font-size-lg) !important;||}\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"on|hover\" button_bg_color__hover=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" button_bg_enable_color__hover=\"on\"][\/dipi_button_grid_child][\/dipi_button_grid][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,264],"ppma_author":[293],"class_list":["post-17237661","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/17237661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/17237661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17238116,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/17237661\/revisions\/17238116"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17237666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17237661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17237661"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=17237661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}