{"id":17255230,"date":"2026-02-05T10:54:43","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T09:54:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/felss.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=17255230"},"modified":"2026-02-09T16:19:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T15:19:28","slug":"the-combustion-engine-is-dead-long-live-the-combustion-engine","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/blog\/the-combustion-engine-is-dead-long-live-the-combustion-engine\/","title":{"rendered":"The combustion engine is dead, long live the combustion engine!?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-j84f5483\">The discussion about the end of the internal combustion engine has been part of every industry and climate debate for years. In 2025\/2026, however, it has entered a new, contradictory phase: At the political level and in parts of the EU bureaucracy, there is a debate about postponements and adjustments to Euro 7\/2035 rules; OEMs are responding with very different strategies in the product ranges; at the same time, suppliers and engineering service providers are pushing new combustion engine concepts,&nbsp; Hydrogen-compatible engines and, above all, range extenders \/ REEV solutions. The result: the combustion engine is neither dead nor untouched \u2014 it changes its role sharply. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/E-10-2025-004225_EN.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>European Parliament+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-trm8r486\">The internal combustion engine is losing its role as a universal mainstream drive system in Europe \u2014 but at the same time it is making a tactical comeback as a transitional and niche solution (range extenders, CO\u2082-neutral fuels, heavy commercial vehicles, performance niches). This dual role creates political, technical, and market-based frictions that will shape the industry in 2025\u20132027. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en\/blogs\/2025\/10\/powertrain-system-trends-in-flux?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>S&amp;P Global<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-hglxv795\">The end of a myth: The EU decision to ban internal combustion engines (2035)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-cf0dn797\">After the EU institutions had repeatedly debated the future regulatory regime for drive technologies in Europe in recent years, the discussion took a decisive turn in the winter of 2025: the original stipulation of a complete ban on the sale of new vehicles with combustion engines from <strong>2035 was effectively abandoned<\/strong>\u00a0and replaced by a more flexible CO\u2082 target. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-cf0dn797\">From technology bans to CO\u2082 target management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-cf0dn797\">According to the chairman of the EPP group in the European Parliament, Manfred Weber, the European Commission is now planning\u00a0 to replace the <strong>100% CO\u2082 reduction requirements for fleet targets from 2035<\/strong>\u00a0onwards\u00a0 with a <strong>targeted 90% reduction target<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 and thus remove a complete ban on the technology of the internal combustion engine from the legislative process. This plan still has to be confirmed in parliament, but it would mark a profound change of course compared to previous EU decisions and would mean that <strong>new combustion engines with significantly reduced emissions could continue to be registered after 2035<\/strong>. <a href=\"http:\/\/finanznachrichten.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>FinanzNachrichten.de<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Political classification and industrial policy implications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-7ncb01217\">This step follows an intensive phase of political disputes between the EU Commission, member states and stakeholders in the automotive value chain. The starting point was a CO\u2082 regulation originally agreed as part of the &#8220;Fit for 55&#8221; initiative, which&nbsp; provided <strong>for zero-emission new cars from 2035<\/strong>, which would have effectively meant an end to new registrations of vehicles with classic combustion engines. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2023\/12\/18\/euro-7-council-and-parliament-strike-provisional-deal-on-emissions-limits-for-road-vehicles\/pdf\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Council of the European Union<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-cngjr813\">The current departure from this line is not only a political signal, but also has far-reaching implications for investment decisions, development projects and strategic roadmaps of OEMs, suppliers and energy suppliers. It reflects the existing reality: the technology programmes are heterogeneous, the fleet requirements are diversified, and the political framework is increasingly formulated in a technology-neutral way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-ea8pc815\">Political decision of the EU and its consequences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-j2gzv817\">What happened?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-nn8jp819\">In the course of 2025, a political dynamic has developed in Brussels that fundamentally calls into question the previously agreed ban on the new registration of vehicles with combustion engines from <strong>2035<\/strong>. According to recent statements from political circles, the EU Commission is now to propose a set of rules that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>instead of a complete <strong>100% CO\u2082 reduction for new car fleets from 2035 onwards<\/strong>, only <strong>a 90% target<\/strong>\u00a0will be set in the future,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and no longer contains a final 100% target<strong>\u00a0in subsequent reviews (e.g. for 2040). <\/strong>\u00a0This would mean that <strong>internal combustion engine vehicles may also be newly registered after 2035<\/strong>, provided that the total emissions of the fleet targets are sufficiently reduced. <a href=\"http:\/\/finanznachrichten.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>FinanzNachrichten.de<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-vei5k2352\">This planned change of direction is openly communicated by leading voices of the European People&#8217;s Party (EPP) and is considered the result of intensive lobbying by both industry-related players and individual member states. However, the proposal still needs to be formally confirmed by the European Parliament and the Council before it becomes legally binding. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/wirtschaft\/article693aeb0b2cffd6b6bef540b9\/bruessel-damit-ist-es-vom-tisch-eu-beschliesst-offenbar-aus-vom-verbrenner-verbot.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>THE WORLD<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-zflwt842\">Political and industrial reactions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-n9y5j844\">The reactions to this turnaround are manifold:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Industry representatives<\/strong>\u00a0and parts of the automotive industry see the relaxation as a necessary adaptation of regulation to technological realities and competitive challenges. Many manufacturers had already warned that a rigid ban on incineration could lead to job losses, relocations and competitive disadvantages compared to other regions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Political actors<\/strong>\u00a0within the EU argue that such a design of fleet targets enables a balance between climate protection and technological neutrality. At the same time, environmental associations and parts of civil society see this as a step backwards in the decarbonisation strategy of the transport sector.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Member states such as Germany and Italy<\/strong>\u00a0had previously taken positions seeking to soften stricter regulation, with calls in particular for exemptions for synthetic fuels (&#8220;e-fuels&#8221;) to continue to allow technologies such as high-efficiency combustion engines. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2023\/03\/25\/under-pressure-from-berlin-the-eu-relaxes-its-ban-on-combustion-engines-after-2035?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>euronews<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-3yr23860\">Consequences for OEMs, suppliers and the industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-o93dm862\">The political decision or its possible correction has a direct impact on <strong>manufacturers&#8217; product strategies, investment plans and technology portfolios<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Planning security and investment framework<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The original stipulation of a ban on internal combustion engines from 2035 had led many OEMs to reprioritize resources in the direction of battery-electric systems. The prospect of a longer-lasting combustion engine technology can change this planning again and create uncertainties, as companies are now considering additional capacity for highly efficient combustion engines, hybrid and range extender concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technology openness vs. standardization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A relaxation of regulation could favor the development of technology-open platforms in which different propulsion systems (BEV, REEV, PHEV, H\u2082-ICE) are held in parallel. At the same time, this makes it difficult to achieve clear standardization and industrial concentration on a dominant technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Market strategies and product portfolio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manufacturers with strong combustion engine competencies (e.g. in the luxury\/performance segment) see an opportunity to further exploit their developments, while other OEMs that relied heavily on pure BEV strategies early on need to critically evaluate their positions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supply chains and the labor market<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The strategy adjustment can stabilize existing supply chains and jobs in the value creation of combustion engines. At the same time, the question remains as to how this decision will affect future demand for components and services in the combustion engine sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-8qwqk491\">Regulatory background: Euro 7, 2035 and political refractions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-3hvpn493\">The EU regulations around Euro-7 have been intensively negotiated over the last 24 months; Deadlines, test procedures and the concrete design (on-board monitoring, test cycles, particle measurement) have been adjusted several times, which creates uncertainty in development and investments. At the same time, the political debate about an effective &#8220;phase-out of internal combustion engines&#8221; (2035) is in flux: Parts of the industry are calling for exemptions for CO\u2082-neutral fuels, PHEV\/REEV concepts and commercial vehicles. The EU institutions have published implementation files and procedural postponements \u2014 this creates space for product strategies that use combustion engines longer or reinterpret them. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/E-10-2025-004225_EN.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>European Parliament+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_6e079b898cca4786936369edb4bf3560mv2.webp\" alt=\"Infographic showing key milestones of European vehicle emission standards on a timeline from 1992 to 2035, including Euro 1, Euro 2 and Euro 4 regulations, the planned combustion engine ban, and a later relaxation of the ban.\" class=\"wp-image-17255232\" title=\"Milestones of European vehicle emission standards and combustion engine regulation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_6e079b898cca4786936369edb4bf3560mv2.webp 1536w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_6e079b898cca4786936369edb4bf3560mv2-1280x853.webp 1280w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_6e079b898cca4786936369edb4bf3560mv2-980x653.webp 980w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_6e079b898cca4786936369edb4bf3560mv2-480x320.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1536px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-0fccw608\">OEM strategies: No one-size-fits-all opinion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-y0c73610\">The major European OEMs are not pursuing a uniform line: Many have communicated strong electrification roadmaps in recent years and in some cases have named end dates for pure combustion engines in their roadmaps; at the same time, individual players (especially in the premium and performance niche) have recently begun to actively defend the combustion engine again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-u2c4y612\">Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BMW: <\/strong>Positions itself in the direction of technology pluralism and has repeatedly emphasized that it will not write off the ICE prematurely \u2014 strategically, BMW wants to keep segments open (EV + ICE) and has retained development resources for combustion engines. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmwgroup.com\/content\/dam\/grpw\/websites\/bmwgroup_com\/company\/downloads\/en\/2025\/BMW_Climate_Engagement_ENG.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>BMW Group+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Porsche<\/strong>: Communicated a strategic update in 2025 that provides for the continuation and even addition of brand-defining combustion engine models (e.g. addition of SUV ranges with combustion engine\/HEV variants). The company cites billions of euros in investments for this. <a href=\"https:\/\/investorrelations.porsche.com\/en\/financial-information\/news-and-ad-hoc-announcements\/20250919-1442407411-porsche-ag-sets-final-steps-in-the-realignment-of-its-product-strategy?news_id=dc180a0e-564d-47f2-8a60-50d866ec6b3e&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Porsche AG+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Audi<\/strong>: Announced the introduction of a new V6 diesel with electric assistance (MHEV plus \/ electrically assisted compressor) for Q\/A series at the end of 2025 \u2014 a clear signal that diesel technology is being relaunched in certain market segments. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audi-mediacenter.com\/en\/press-releases\/v6-diesel-engine-for-audi-q5-and-audi-a6-16913?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Audi MediaCenter<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-khr4p804\">These divergent approaches create market and supplier uncertainty \u2014 but they are logical: premium brands can justify margins for iconic combustion engines and high-performance models; Volume manufacturers are more dependent on economies of scale for BEV platforms. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/climate-energy\/bmw-ceo-calls-eus-2035-combustion-engine-ban-big-mistake-sees-strong-2025-sales-2025-09-05\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Reuters<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-h1zsb632\">Technology trends: What&#8217;s new in the combustion engine?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-2wyyw634\">Since 2025, we have been experiencing several parallel technological developments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Range Extenders \/ REEVs (serial hybrid \/ E-generators) <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Range extenders are experiencing a renaissance: Platforms with smaller batteries plus an efficient combustion generator are intended to address costs and range anxiety. S&amp;P Global Mobility sees a growing market segment for REEV\/range extender solutions in the next few years. IAV describes REEV concepts as a &#8220;quasi infinite perceived range&#8221; approach \u2014 the industry is investing in compact, optimized generators. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en\/blogs\/2025\/05\/shanghai-auto-show-2025-highlights-reevs?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>S&amp;P Global+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8220;Hydrogen-ready&#8221; ICE &amp; e-Fuels <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engineering Service Providers (AVL, FEV) are driving the adaptation of combustion engines to hydrogen or e-fuel operation \u2014 with a focus on fleets\/commercial vehicles and specific niches where battery electrics are heavy or inefficient. AVL describes active projects on hydrogen-capable combustion engines. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avl.com\/en\/press\/press-release\/avl-advances-development-hydrogen-internal-combustion-engine-co2-neutral-transportation?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>AVL+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Electrified combustion engine subsystems<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electrified combustion engine subsystemsInnovations such as electrically assisted turbochargers, integrated 48 V MHEV architectures or generators with high electrical power density increase efficiency and emission behavior \u2014 and make combustion engines cleaner in real operation than older model series. Audi&#8217;s new V6 TDI combines several electrified components. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audi-mediacenter.com\/en\/press-releases\/v6-diesel-engine-for-audi-q5-and-audi-a6-16913?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Audi MediaCenter<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">China &amp; international technology transfers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chinese OEMs and suppliers are showing aggressive REEV and range extender programs (e.g. IM Motors &#8220;Stellar&#8221;), sometimes in cooperation or with borrowings from German development expertise. IM Motors presented a &#8220;Super Range Extender&#8221; system (>1,500 km combined) in 2025, which has reignited debates about transition technologies. <a href=\"http:\/\/electrive.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>electrive.com<\/u><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrive.com\/2025\/08\/12\/im-motors-presents-range-extender-with-a-1500-km-range\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Efficiency matrix \u2013 comparison of different drive technologies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"879\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_e6948a74c86d4db7a31e92152b25071cmv2-1024x879.jpg\" alt=\"Table comparing total well-to-wheel efficiency of different vehicle powertrain technologies, including battery electric vehicles, plug-in and full hybrids, hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen combustion engines, e-fuels combustion engines, and modern gasoline and diesel engines, with energy sources and efficiency ranges.\" class=\"wp-image-17255235\" title=\"Well-to-wheel efficiency comparison of vehicle powertrain technologies\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_e6948a74c86d4db7a31e92152b25071cmv2-980x841.jpg 980w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_e6948a74c86d4db7a31e92152b25071cmv2-480x412.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1414\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_7b5e5c76ad2442898670a8aca95ec1f8mv2-scaled.webp\" alt=\"Horizontal bar chart comparing well-to-wheel efficiency of different propulsion systems, including battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids, range extender electric vehicles, gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines, and e-fuels combustion engines.\" class=\"wp-image-17255238\" title=\"Well-to-wheel efficiency comparison of different vehicle propulsion systems\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_7b5e5c76ad2442898670a8aca95ec1f8mv2-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_7b5e5c76ad2442898670a8aca95ec1f8mv2-1280x707.webp 1280w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_7b5e5c76ad2442898670a8aca95ec1f8mv2-980x541.webp 980w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_7b5e5c76ad2442898670a8aca95ec1f8mv2-480x265.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-judf21779\">Economic and market-practical effects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Investment paradox<\/strong>: Suppliers are faced with the task of investing in battery systems, software and combustion engine components in parallel. Engineering service providers (AVL, FEV, IAV) report strong demand for multi-powertrain expertise. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avl.com\/en-de?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>AVL+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Supply chain &amp; jobs<\/strong>: An abrupt end to ICE production would severely affect supply chains and employment \u2014 arguments that play a role in Brussels and national politics. This also explains the lobbying work of some manufacturers and industry associations. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/boards-policy-regulation\/european-carmakers-hope-reprieve-2035-combustion-engine-ban-2025-11-26\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Reuters<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Market segments<\/strong>: Luxury, commercial vehicles, long-distance SUVs and niches (race\/collector vehicles) remain more focused on combustion engines; the mass market is shifting towards BEVs as long as prices and charging infrastructure grow with it. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/hu\/hu\/kiadvanyok\/assets\/pdf\/strategyand-electric-vehicle-sales-review-q2-2025.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>PwC<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-2y4qc1797\">Selection of relevant combustion\/REEV powertrains announced\/newly developed since 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"633\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_01cd2c1d586949ce953b7f9d91c69fe0mv2-1024x633.webp\" alt=\"Table summarizing recent developments in combustion engine, hybrid, and range extender technologies from 2025, including new Audi V6 TDI engines, IM Motors range extender systems, Porsche hybrid strategies, and joint development projects between Chinese and European manufacturers, with descriptions and sources.\" class=\"wp-image-17255241\" title=\"Overview of recent combustion, hybrid, and range extender technology developments (2025)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_01cd2c1d586949ce953b7f9d91c69fe0mv2-980x605.webp 980w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_01cd2c1d586949ce953b7f9d91c69fe0mv2-480x297.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note<\/em>: The table is selective \u2014 it lists validated, publicly communicated projects\/new developments; a fully exhaustive list of all engine developments worldwide since 2025 would be much more extensive and requires dedicated, ongoing monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview of relevant Chinese internal combustion engines &amp; hybrids \/ REEV systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_1ab2a9c5fb1140b6ac1ba10107a8c2b6mv2-672x1024.webp\" alt=\"Table providing an overview of relevant Chinese combustion engine, hybrid, and range extender (REEV) technologies, listing manufacturers, engine or drivetrain concepts, fuel or energy sources, known start of production or development status, and remarks on efficiency and market trends.\" class=\"wp-image-17255248\" style=\"width:672px;height:auto\" title=\"Overview of relevant Chinese combustion, hybrid, and REEV powertrain technologies\" srcset=\"https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_1ab2a9c5fb1140b6ac1ba10107a8c2b6mv2-672x1024.webp 672w, https:\/\/felss.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/38f87a_1ab2a9c5fb1140b6ac1ba10107a8c2b6mv2-480x731.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 672px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">* SOP = Start of Production. Where no SOP year is specified, it is at least publicly announced\/presented engines or developments \u2014 official series production may vary depending on the market\/regulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-ae7pd2679\">Which trends stand out?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focus on efficiency in diesel and gasoline<\/strong>: The new diesel from Weichai with 53% thermal efficiency shows that the Chinese engine industry continues to invest heavily in the commercial vehicle and truck segment and is striving for global efficiency records. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auto-motor-und-sport.de\/neuheiten\/weichai-power-lkw-dieselmotor\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>auto motor und sport+2\u00bbAutomotive industry\u00ab+2<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>High-compression gasoline engine<\/strong>: Chery demonstrates that conventional gasoline engines still offer modern efficiency potential through engineering \u2014 particularly relevant for SUVs \/ PHEVs, where pure e-mobility does not (yet) dominate. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auto-motor-und-sport.de\/tech-zukunft\/neuer-motor-von-chery-benziner-mit-rekordverdaechtiger-verdichtung\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Auto Motor und Sport+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hybrid \/ PHEV \/ REEV strategy<\/strong>: Manufacturers such as Geely and many OEMs in China see combinations of combustion engine + battery + intelligent control (e.g. AI-supported management) as a means of combining the advantages of both drive systems. <a href=\"https:\/\/cleantechnica.com\/2025\/08\/28\/chinese-automakers-reinvent-phev-ai-driven-power-to-lead-the-global-market\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>CleanTechnica+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Range extender \/ REEV as a transition or market expansion strategy<\/strong>: Especially in regions with weak charging infrastructure or price sensitivity, REEV is seen as a pragmatic bridging technology. <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>FR.de<\/u><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fr.de\/wirtschaft\/verbrenner-wieder-im-trend-auch-in-china-zr-93809206.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hydrogen ICE (H\u2082 combustion engine):<\/strong>\u00a0The first Chinese manufacturers\/suppliers are working on hydrogen ICE \u2014 often in the context of consortia and research for alternative propulsion systems based on traditional ICE platforms. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/yuchai-appointed-as-committee-member-of-new-hydrogen-innovation-consortium-302139479.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>PR Newswire+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-wuwmi2710\">Limitations &amp; Challenges in Data Collection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lack of transparency in SOP and series production<\/strong>: Many of the engines or technologies mentioned have been announced or presented \u2014 but public information about the start of production or series production is often missing. This applies in particular to new gasoline engines with high compression, PHEV\/REEV powertrains or hydrogen ICE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Different documentation standards<\/strong>: Unlike large Western OEMs, data on combustion engines are less standardized, difficult to access, or only published domestically at some Chinese manufacturers \u2014 resulting in uncertain comparability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulatory and market uncertainty<\/strong>: Even if there are technical advances, there is a risk from emissions regulation, subsidy policies for BEVs, e-fuels or international standards \u2014 this can delay or change series production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-s44as2727\">Why these developments are relevant \u2014 also internationally<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Competition &amp; export pressure<\/strong>: Efficient combustion engines from China (especially high-efficiency diesel or modern PHEV\/REEVs) increase competitive pressure \u2014 especially in markets with less stringent electrification or inadequate charging infrastructure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technology pluralism instead of &#8220;either-or&#8221;<\/strong>: The combination of BEV, PHEV, REEV, efficient ICE and possibly H\u2082-ICE shows that &#8220;drive technology of the future&#8221; is not defined monolithically in China and by globally active OEMs \u2014 relevant for suppliers, investors, politics and industry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Potential for efficient transition &amp; global carbon footprint<\/strong>: Engines with high efficiency and modern hybrid\/REEV concepts \u2014 combined with an efficient fuel or energy network \u2014 can contribute to CO\u2082 reduction, which can also play a role in markets with limited EV infrastructure worldwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-kal292744\">Voices from the industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IAV (Dr. Alexander Fandakov): \u201eWe want to enable customers to have a BEV with &#8216;quasi infinite perceived&#8217; range\u2026\u201c \u2014 IAV beschreibt damit klar die Motivation hinter REEV-Konzepten. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iav.com\/news\/reev-it-up-unlimited-bev?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>IAV<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S&amp;P Global Mobility (analysis, Shanghai 2025): S&amp;P predicts growth in REEV\/range extender production in North America\/EU by 2030 and emphasizes the role of these concepts in response to price and infrastructure barriers. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en\/blogs\/2025\/05\/shanghai-auto-show-2025-highlights-reevs?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>S&amp;P Global+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AVL \/ FEV (press statements): Both service providers are actively communicating projects on hydrogen-capable combustion engines and range extender technologies \u2014 a clear sign that development capacity and demand continue to exist. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avl.com\/en\/press\/press-release\/avl-advances-development-hydrogen-internal-combustion-engine-co2-neutral-transportation?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>AVL+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viewer-is0q82761\">Result<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-oicd82763\"><strong>No clear &#8220;death scenario&#8221; for the combustion engine<\/strong>: Political uncertainties (Euro 7 implementation issues, 2035 debates), technical developments (e-turbochargers, hydrogen ICE, REEV) and market segments with strong interest in combustion engines ensure that combustion technologies remain relevant \u2014 albeit in a changed, specialized role. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/E-10-2025-004225_EN.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>European Parliament+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-mu41k2767\"><strong>The market is differentiating<\/strong>: BEV-first strategies dominate in many volume segments; at the same time, hybrid, REEV and CO\u2082-neutral fuel solutions are becoming more important where BEV economics, charging infrastructure or payload\/range limit requirements. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/hu\/hu\/kiadvanyok\/assets\/pdf\/strategyand-electric-vehicle-sales-review-q2-2025.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>PwC<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-mv5n52771\"><strong>For suppliers and investors, the following applies<\/strong>: Diversification of technological competencies is mandatory \u2014 those who rely only on pure ICE construction risk surplus capacities; those who rely only on BEVs miss short-term market opportunities in the REEV\/HEV segment. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.avl.com\/en-de?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>AVL+1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-bl9rt2775\">Yes \u2014 there are <strong>current and planned new combustion engines in China<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 and they are technically ambitious: diesel engines with &gt; 53% thermal efficiency, gasoline engines with high compression, modern PHEV\/REEV systems and initial approaches to hydrogen ICE. This means that the combustion engine remains relevant \u2014 at least in certain segments (commercial vehicles, hybrid\/REEV, transition cycles).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-t3pam2779\">For Europe and globally, this means that the focus on BEVs is right \u2014 but a complete move away from the combustion engine could be strategically too short-sighted as long as alternative fuel and drive technologies are not widely available and markets exist in which ICE \/ hybrids are economical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"viewer-aswbr2787\"><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EU\/Euro-7 Implementing Acts, European Parliament\/EU Documentation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/E-10-2025-004225_EN.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>European Parliament<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reuters: \u201eExplainer \/ European carmakers hope for reprieve on 2035&#8230;\u201c (Bericht zur Industrie-Position 2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/boards-policy-regulation\/european-carmakers-hope-reprieve-2035-combustion-engine-ban-2025-11-26\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Reuters<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Porsche AG \u2014 Product Strategy \/ Investor Release (19.09.2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/investorrelations.porsche.com\/en\/financial-information\/news-and-ad-hoc-announcements\/20250919-1442407411-porsche-ag-sets-final-steps-in-the-realignment-of-its-product-strategy?news_id=dc180a0e-564d-47f2-8a60-50d866ec6b3e&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Porsche AG<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Audi MediaCenter \u2014 Press release on the new V6 TDI (11\/27\/2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audi-mediacenter.com\/en\/press-releases\/v6-diesel-engine-for-audi-q5-and-audi-a6-16913?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Audi MediaCenter<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S&amp;P Global Mobility \u2014 Analyses &amp; blog post on REEV \/ Shanghai 2025 trends. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/automotive-insights\/en\/blogs\/2025\/05\/shanghai-auto-show-2025-highlights-reevs?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>S&amp;P Global+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IM Motors \/ electrive \/ CarNewsChina \u2014 Vorstellung \u201eStellar\u201c Range-Extender (Aug 2025). <a href=\"http:\/\/electrive.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>electrive.com<\/u><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrive.com\/2025\/08\/12\/im-motors-presents-range-extender-with-a-1500-km-range\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>+1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AVL, FEV, IAV \u2014 Presse\/Technikseiten zu hydrogen-ready ICE, Range Extender, Engineering-Services. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avl.com\/en\/press\/press-release\/avl-advances-development-hydrogen-internal-combustion-engine-co2-neutral-transportation?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>AVL+2FEV Group+2<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Author:<\/strong>\u00a0Wolfgang A. Haggenm\u00fcller<br><strong>Click here for the original article:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/haggenmuellerfreel.wixsite.com\/mobilityandmore-eng\/post\/the-combustion-engine-is-dead-long-live-the-combustion-engine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mobility &amp; More<\/a>, the blog focusing on mobility, technology and sustainability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":17255205,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[],"ppma_author":[293],"class_list":["post-17255230","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/17255230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/17255230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17255254,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/17255230\/revisions\/17255254"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17255205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17255230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17255230"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/felss.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=17255230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}